س.ما النتائج المترتبه على ؟

1 -تطور نظم المعلومات الجغرافية ؟

2 -التطور التكنولوجى ( بالنسبة للجغرافيا السياسية)

أ -قارن بين مجال علم الجغرافيا السياسية قديما وفى الوقت الحاضر .

ب- اختر مجال من مجالات علم الجغرافيا السياسية فى الوقت الحاضر وانقده، مدعما رأيك بمجالات أخرى

( .1- )ما المقصود بالمرئيات الفضائية؟

( 2 -) كيف أثر التطور التكنولوجى على تطور علم الجغرافيا السياسية؟

1 .التغيرات السياسية العالمية التى طرأت على خريطةالعالم ؟

2-ما التغيرات التى طرات على العالم فى الأونه الأخيرة 

3 .حدد أهمية الجغرافيا  السياسية لكل من: أ - رجال الأعمال ب – الساسة ج -الإعلامين

4 .قارن بني كل من:- الجغرافيا السياسية واالجيوبولتيك من حيث المفهوم وسمات كل منهما.

س/ ما المقصود بالمفاهيم الجغرافية الآتية :

1- الجغرافيا السياسية .

2- الجيوبولتيك عند رودلف كلين .

3- العولمة .

س/ اكتب ما تشير إليه كل عبارة من العبارات التالية : 

1- أرسطو .

2- ابن خلدون .

3- راتزل .

4- راتزل

5- جيوبولتيك .

6- جيوبوليتك .

7- العولمة .

8- عولمة اقتصادية .

9- عولمة اجتماعية .

10- الأمن الغذائي .

11- الأمن المائي .

12- رودلف كيلين .

السؤال الأول : اختر الإجابة الصحيحة من بين الأقواس : 

1- الجغرافيا السياسية من فروع الجغرافيا ....................أول 2016 ( الطبيعة - الأقتصادية - البشرية - التطبيقية ) 

2- العلم الذي يهتم بدراسة الخريطة للعام وتغيرتها هو علم الجغرافيا ...................( الاقتصادية - البشرية - السياسية - الطبيعية )

3- اشهر من كتب في الجغرافيا السياسية قبل الميلاد ..............( راتزل - أرسطو - الفردماهان - رودلف كلين ) 

4- اشهر من كتب في الجغرافيا السياسية وتناول في مؤلفه الدولة المثالية .................................(راتزل - أرسطو - الفرماهان  - ابن خلدون ) 

5- فيلسوف من أشهر مؤلفاته في الجغرافيا السياسية كتاب السياسة . ( أرسطو - ابن خلدون - كلين - راتزل )

6- يعتبر من أبرز المفكرين المسلمين .............وأضاف للفكر الجغرافي (أرسطو - ابن خلدون - الإدريسي - جابر بن حيان ) 

7- وضع .......الاطار العام الذي عرف باسم دورة حياة الدولة .( راتزل - أرسطو - الفردماهان - ابن خلدون )

8- جاء الميلاد الحقيقي للجغرافيا السياسية على يد  ...........(راتزل - أرسطو - الفردما هان - رودلف كلين )

9- وضع أول مؤلف علمي عن الجغرافيا السياسية ( حمل اسمها الحالى )...........(راتزل - أرسطو - الفردماهان رودلف كلين )

10- اعتبر راتزل ............بمثابة كائن حي تنطبق عليه قوانين الميلاد والنمو والوفاة .

                                                                 ( الدولة - الإقليم - الأمة - الأمبراطورية )

11- ظهر مصطلح الجيوبو لتيك على يد العالم السويدي ................( راتزل - أرسطو - الفردماهان - رودلف كلين )

12- إستغلت ............مفاهيم الجغرافيا السياسية (لراتزل) بصورة خطأ توسعها الاستعماري . 

                                                           ( بريطانيا - فرنسا - ألمانيا - الولايات المتحدة )

A) Vocabulary & structure

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1. Most people feel –––– when athletes from their country do well in the Olympics.

a) shy b) ashamed

c) angry d) proud

2. Swimming and cycling are very good forms of ––––.

a) reading b) sports

c) business d) selling

3. In our English class, the students usually take –––– to answer the teacher's questions.

a) place b) part

c) care d) turns

4. I couldn't take –––– in the race because I had broken my leg.

a) part b) role

c) place d) care

5. The swimmer hoped he would win the race , but he came third and won the ––– – medal.

a) gold b) silver

c) bronze d) metal

6. –––– is a sport in which two men wearing gloves hit each other.

a) Boxing b) Swimming

c) Hockey d) Chess

7. In 2008, the Olympic Games took –––– in Beijing.

a) part b) place

c) turns d) care

8. –––– is a Japanese sport which is a kind of fighting.

a) Running b) Judo

c) Rowing d) Skiing

9. He looked so –––– when he received his medal , didn't he ?

a) pride b) proud

c) shy d) ashamed

10. How –––– did he do there ?

a) better b) best

c) well d) good

11. He –––– on that project for two years, and it still needs a lot of effort.

a) worked b) am working

c) has been working d) had worked

12. It –––– for two hours. Now the sky is clear.

a) rained b) has been raining

c) is raining d) has rained

13. He’s in hospital because he has –––– an accident,

a) had b) been having

c) having d) not had

14. She –––– for the test for three hours now.

a) revised b) had revised

c) revises b) has been revising

15. The forest fires –––– for three weeks now. We need a lot of rain to put them out.

a) has burnt b) have been burning

c) has been burning d) have burnt

16. I –––– my aunt six times this year.

c) turns d) care

 B – Reading Comprehension

2- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:

What inspires someone to make a new invention? Most inventors are inspired by need. Louis Braille, who was born in 1809, lost his sight when he was a child. However, his parents helped him to continue his education. His teachers helped him a lot and he reached the top of his class. At the age of seventeen, he was given money to study at the Royal Institution for Blind Youth, where he started to use a simple raised-print system for reading.

Louis Braille invented a better system based on raised dots. The dots are put into patterns in a rectangle which has six positions for dots. The different arrangements of the dots represent the letters of the alphabet or other characters. There are symbols for punctuation marks and for math and music. A blind person reads by feeling the dots with their fingertips. Braille writing was not well known until sixteen years after its inventor’s death in 1852. Today, it is used in almost every country in the world and is considered the standard form of reading and writing for the blind.

A. Answer the following questions

1. What do you think inspired Louis Braille to invent a better system of reading for the blind?

2. How do you think a blind person can read with the Braille system?

3. In what year do you think the Braille system became well known?

4. Do you agree that there were many persons in Louis Braille's life that helped him? How?

B. Choose the correct answer:

5. The underlined relative pronoun "where" refers to ––––

a) the money to study

b) the Royal Institution for Blind Youth

c) his home

c) simple raised-print system for reading

6. Louis Braille began attending the Royal Institution for Blind Youth when he was – ––

a) born

b) three years old

c) seven years old

d) seventeen years old

7. The different arrangements of the dots – ––– for the letters of the alphabet or other characters.

a) present

b) stands

c) represent

d) refers

8. Louis Braille was given money to study at the Royal Institution for Blind Youth …. ten years old.

a) in the age of

b) aging

c) aged

d) ages

c- writing

3- A- Translate into Arabic:

1) Egyptians are proud of Professor Magdi Yacoub. Thanks to his high qualifications, he has become the pioneer of heart transplant operations.

2) Scientific research is essential for upgrading our country. So, the state must foster Egyptian researchers since they are the key to scientific renaissance.

B- Translate into English:

1-تبذل الدولة قصاري جهدها لتأمين فرص متساوية للرجل والمرأة في كل المجالات .

2- اتمنى أن تدار مياه النيل بطريقة أفضل في المستقبل ومن ثم لن تكون ملوثة جدا .

4- Write an essay of about ONE HUNDRED and eighty (180) words on only ONE

(1) of the following topics: 

A) Vocabulary & structure

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1. Most people feel –––– when athletes from their country do well in the Olympics.

a) shy                          b) ashamed

c) angry                      d) proud

2. Swimming and cycling are very good forms of ––––.

a) reading                     b) sports

c) business                     d) selling

3. In our English class, the students usually take –––– to answer the teacher's questions.

a) place                             b) part

c) care                               d) turns

4. I couldn't take –––– in the race because I had broken my leg.

a) part                                   b) role

c) place                                 d) care

5. The swimmer hoped he would win the race , but he came third and won the ––– – medal.

a) gold                                         b) silver

c) bronze                                      d) metal

6. –––– is a sport in which two men wearing gloves hit each other.

a) Boxing                               b) Swimming

c) Hockey                              d) Chess

7. In 2008, the Olympic Games took –––– in Beijing.

a) part                                 b) place

c) turns                                d) care

8. –––– is a Japanese sport which is a kind of fighting.

a) Running                       b) Judo

c) Rowing                         d) Skiing

9. He looked so –––– when he received his medal , didn't he ?

a) pride                            b) proud

c) shy                              d) ashamed

10. How –––– did he do there ?

a) better                          b) best

c) well                            d) good

11. He –––– on that project for two years, and it still needs a lot of effort.

a) worked                                          b) am working

c) has been working                       d) had worked

12. It –––– for two hours. Now the sky is clear.

a) rained                             b) has been raining

c) is raining                          d) has rained

13. He’s in hospital because he has –––– an accident,

a) had                                 b) been having

c) having                             d) not had

14. She –––– for the test for three hours now.

a) revised                           b) had revised

c) revises                          b) has been revising

15. The forest fires –––– for three weeks now. We need a lot of rain to put them out.

a) has burnt                                  b) have been burning

c) has been burning                     d) have burnt

16. I –––– my aunt six times this year. c) turns d) care

8. –––– is a Japanese sport which is a kind of fighting.

 B – Reading Comprehension

2- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:

What inspires someone to make a new invention? Most inventors are inspired by need. Louis Braille, who was born in 1809, lost his sight when he was a child. However, his parents helped him to continue his education. His teachers helped him a lot and he reached the top of his class. At the age of seventeen, he was given money to study at the Royal Institution for Blind Youth, where he started to use a simple raised-print system for reading. Louis Braille invented a better system based on raised dots. The dots are put into patterns in a rectangle which has six positions for dots. The different arrangements of the dots represent the letters of the alphabet or other characters. There are symbols for punctuation marks and for math and music. A blind person reads by feeling the dots with their fingertips. Braille writing was not well known until sixteen years after its inventor’s death in 1852. Today, it is used in almost every country in the world and is considered the standard form of reading and writing for the blind.

A. Answer the following questions

1. What do you think inspired Louis Braille to invent a better system of reading for the blind?

2. How do you think a blind person can read with the Braille system?

3. In what year do you think the Braille system became well known?

4. Do you agree that there were many persons in Louis Braille's life that helped him? How?

B. Choose the correct answer:

5. The underlined relative pronoun "where" refers to ––––

a) the money to study

b) the Royal Institution for Blind Youth

c) his home

c) simple raised-print system for reading

6. Louis Braille began attending the Royal Institution for Blind Youth when he was – ––

a) born                                             b) three years old

c) seven years old                       d) seventeen years old

7. The different arrangements of the dots – ––– for the letters of the alphabet or other characters.

a) present                                            b) stands

c) represent                                            d) refers

8. Louis Braille was given money to study at the Royal Institution for Blind Youth …. ten years old.

a) in the age of                                 b) aging

c) aged                                                 d) ages                                 

   c- writing

3- A- Translate into Arabic:

1) Egyptians are proud of Professor Magdi Yacoub. Thanks to his high qualifications, he has become the pioneer of heart transplant operations.

2) Scientific research is essential for upgrading our country. So, the state must foster Egyptian researchers since they are the key to scientific renaissance.

B- Translate into English: 

4- هل من الممكن أن يتسلق المرء جبل أفرست بسهولة في أيامنا هذه ؟ 

5- تصدر بلادنا الكثير من المنتجات الجيدة إلى الخارج كل عام . 

4- Write an essay of about ONE HUNDRED and eighty (180) words on only ONE (1) of the following topics:

a- How to make schools more attractive .

b- Golbal warming .

A) Vocabulary & structure

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1. I like working in groups because you can learn a lot when people –––– with each other.

a) cooperate                       b) delight

c) covered                            d) coated

2. Hassan tried to revise, but he was –––– by his younger brothers and sisters who were playing computer games in the living room.

a) abstained                        b) sustained

c) distracted                         d) abstract

3. Lions hunt their prey in ––––

a) packets                         b) packages

c) packs                                d) pockets

4. There are many –––– where people need to cooperate to succeed.

a) stations                                   b) situations

c) states                                        d) stars

5. Birds can –––– on complex jobs.

a) demonstrate                 b) commentate
c) cooperate                     d) commemorate

6. A –––– is someone aged between thirteen and nineteen.

a) toddler                      b) teenager

c) baby                              d) child

7. She used to –––– a lot of sport when she was younger.

a) make                              b) do

c) work                              d) get

8. The –––– of wind and rain causes many car accidents.

a) combustion                          b) association

c) combination                         d) connection

9. Please don't ask me to make any –––– about tomorrow's meeting.

a) products                          b) predictions

c) cooperation                     d) productions

10. Squash and badminton are –––– sports.

a) team                                 b) single

c) individual                         d) alone

11. I’ve got a/an –––– bad headache.

a) fantastically                    b) absolutely

c) very                                   d) totally

12. She is –––– pleased with her picture.

a) completely                      b) absolutely

c) terribly                                d) quite

13. At the run, he felt –––– tired.

a) totally                      b) absolutely

c) very                          d) incredibly

14. Although he arrived an hour ––––, he started work immediately.

a) late                            b) lately

c) latent                           d) latest

15. At the end of the school year, some students try –––– to make up for the lost time.

a) hardship                     b) hardly

c) hard                           d) too hardly

16. I’ve got a/an –––– awful headache.

a) absolutely                     b) very

c) a little                           d) a bi

B – Reading Comprehension

2- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:

One year an agricultural expert visited a poor village in India. His purpose was to improve agriculture and food production in the village. The village relied for food on the two crops of rice and the vegetables it grew each year. The villagers worked very hard during the planting and harvesting seasons, but their crops were sometimes poor and insufficient because of the weather. The expert told the head of the village that he could give the villagers a new type of rice which would produce double the quantity. The head of the village was delighted and agreed to try it out. The villagers planted the new rice and when they harvested it, it produced double the quantity. When the expert returned after the first crop, he was pleased to see the villagers very happy. The expert returned later to see if the second crop had been equally good. This time he found the fields empty. The villagers were sitting around playing cards and taking life easy. When he asked the head of the village about the second crop, he said ,”we didn’t need to plant a second crop because we had enough rice after the first

crop, so we are relaxing and enjoying ourselves.” The expert realized it was useless to tell the head of the village that he had not given them the new rice so that they could spend half a year without working.

A. Answer the following questions:

1. Why do you think the agricultural expert went to the Indian village?

2. Were the fields cultivated when the expert visited the village for the last time. Give reasons for your answer.

3. Find words which mean:

a) kind

b) depend on

4. Do you think those villagers deserve help? Give a reason

B. Choose the correct answer:

5. The underlined word “it” refers to

a) rice                                           b) the year

c) the village                              d) the food

6. The Expert’s aim was ––––

a- double the villagers’ sufferings.                   b- face a food shortage problem.

c- visit the Indian village.                                           d- share the production of rice with them.

7. The villagers that the expert visited –––

– a- took his advice seriously                       b- preferred easy life

c- are wise                                                   d- burnt the crops.

8. On his second visit to the village, the expert was surely ––––

a- relaxed b- shocked

c- pleased d- at ease

c- writing 3- A- Translate into Arabic:

1) A bully is someone who teases or hurts other people to frighten them.

2) An essential good habit is that you should take responsibility for your life.

B- Translate into English: 

4- هل من الممكن أن يتسلق المرء جبل افرست بسهولة في أيامنا هذه؟ 

5-تصدر بلادنا الكثير من المنتجات الجيدة إلى الخارج كل عام .

4- Write an essay of about ONE HUNDRED and eighty (180) words on only ONE (1) of the following topics:

a- How to make schools more attractive

b- Golbal warming

A) Vocabulary & structure

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1. When his tent got lost, he was in a tight ––––

a) side b) corner

c) wall d) flat

2. Mandy's phone call came out of the ––––

a) blue b) glue

c) flu d) brown

3. The car just missed the child, but it was a close ––––

a) ring b) phone

c) cool d) call

4. The side of the swimming pool is too ––– – to stand up in.

a) shallow b) deep

c) creep d) sweep

5. He lost his footing but he kept his ––––

a) cold b) cool

c) hot d) warm

6. He was in a –––– corner when his money was stolen.

a) sight b) light

c) right d) tight

7. She –––– from her chair to welcome us.

a) arose b) rose

c) aroused d) raised

8. –––– is a sports person who doesn't get paid.

a) A professional b) An amateur

c) A referee d) A competitor

9. Keep your cool means you should be –––

a) happy b) calm

c) angry d) furious

10. Omar is never late. You can always –––– on him.

a) succeed b) benefit

c) rely d) take

11. This watch is very cheap .It cost me ––– than I expected.

a) more b) fewer

c) less d) much

12. He is not –––– intelligent as his father.

a) more b) as

c) like d) such

13. Reading a book is –––– than watching a film.

a) interesting b) more interesting

c) most interesting d) as interesting

14. It’s –––– expensive to travel by air than by sea.

a) less b) much c) more d) many

15.We have –––– beaches in the world.

a) beautiful b) more beautiful

c) the most beautiful d) most beautiful

16. You should eat –––– if you want to be slim.

a) least b) fewer

c) less d) the least

B – Reading Comprehension

2- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:

One day, I was standing outside an underground station in London waiting for a friend, when I saw two men . One was sitting on the pavement. His clothes were old and dirty and had a hat in front of him. As people passed by , he said, “ Can you give me some change, please ? “ A few people tossed some coins into the hat but most people ignored him. The other man was wearing a suit and holding a plastic petrol can. He stopped people and told them his car had run out of petrol and he had forgotten his wallet. He asked them to lend him some money for petrol. Most people happily gave him money. Some gave him coins, but most gave him notes. I watched him for ten minutes. In that time he collected a lot of money. He put it in his pocket, but he did not go to the petrol station. It became clear to me that both men were beggars. The one in the dirty clothes needed money more than one in the suit. But the one in the suit was much more successful. Isn’t that strange?

A) Answer the following questions :

1. Why do you think the writer was standing outside the station?

2. Which man do you think collected the most money?

3. What does the pronoun “ it “ in bold refer to?

4. Are you for or against beggary? Why?

B) Choose the correct answer :

5. “ Most people ignored him “ means people ––

a) shouted at him b) accepted to give any money

c) walked past without looking at him d) moved quickly

6. People –––– the second man’s story.

a) didn’t believe b) believed

c) doubted d) knew

7. The man in the suit was ––––

a) successful b) a success

c) succeed d) successor

8. The man in the suit told people that his car's petrol ––––

a) ran out b) ran out of

c) ran out off d) ran of

c- writing

3- A- Translate into Arabic:

1) We aspire to life full of love, prosperity, welfare and peaceful existence.

2) Television is considered one of the cheapest means of entertainment and gaining knowledge.

B- Translate into English:

1- للأدب دور رائد في إلقاء الضوء على قضايا الأمة وحل مشاكلها .

2- الإدارة والتصميم عاملان فاعلان ي تحقيق الأهدا ي الحياة .

 4- Write an essay of about ONE HUNDRED and eighty (180) words on only ONE (1) of the following topics:

a- Technology

b- Unemployment

A) Vocabulary & structure

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1. His novel ”Flowers for Algernon’ was made –––– a film called Charlie.

a) for                             b) in

c) on                              d) into

2. Most of the data we need –––– found on the internet.

a) is                          b) was

c) has                       d) are

3. The mother asked her son to buy some bread at the ––––.

a) butcher’s               b) vet's

c) park                       d) bakery

4. The temperature today is ––––. It is not hot.

a) nocturnal                 b) normal

c) nature                      d) norms

5. The surgeon is going to do a serious operation –––– my father.

a) of                             b) at             

 c) with                       d) on

6. After the operation, he became more and –––– intelligent.

a) little                        b) more

c) much                       d) a lot

7. The scientists were delighted –––– his progress.

a) from                          b) of

c) with                           d) at

8. A –––– is a magazine that tells a story using pictures.

a) comic                          b) tragedy

c) classic                           d) coma

9. Daniel Keyes died in 2014 –––– eighty six.

a) aged                              b) age

c) old                                 d) aging

10. Charlie was a 32- –––– old man .

a) years                               b) years’

c) year’s                                d) year

11. Last week, my brother worked for 20 hours. In the past, people –––– to work much longer hours.

a) uses                               b) used

c) use                                d) using

12. My father –––– in Alexandria when he was a boy

a) lived                                       b) used to live

c) is used to living                      d) use to live

13. In the past, people –––– to work long hours.

a) used                                    b) doesn't use

c) isn't used                             d) don't use

14. Wafaa used to wear glasses but now she ––––

a) does                                  b) doesn't

c) isn't                                  d) didn't

15. When he got married, he –––– to Cairo

a) moves                         b) used to move

c) use to move               d) is used to moving

16. Where did you –––– for your holidays when you were a child?

a) went                                   b) used to go

c) is used to going               d) use to go

B – Reading Comprehension

2- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:

When your parents were young, people could buy cigarettes and smoke pretty much anywhere - even in hospitals! Advertisements for cigarettes were all over the place. Today we're more aware about how bad smoking is for our health. Smoking is banned in almost all public places and cigarette companies are no longer allowed to advertise on TV, radio, and in many magazines. Almost everyone knows that smoking causes cancer and heart disease. Smoking can shorten your life by 10 years or more. So how come people are still smoking? The answer, in a few words, is a bad habit. Smoking is a hard habit to break because tobacco contains nicotine. The body and mind quickly become so used to the nicotine in cigarettes that a person needs to have it just to feel normal. People start smoking for a variety of different reasons. Some think it looks nice. Others start because their family members or friends smoke. Studies about smoking show that about 9 out of 10 tobacco users start before they're 18 years old.

A) Answer the following questions:

1. Why do you think is smoking banned in public places?

2. Why do you think do people start to smoke?

3. How do you think smoking can shorten your life?

4. How do you think the young sometimes 

learn bad habits from the old?

B) Choose the correct answers:

5. The underlined word "it" refers to ––––

a- habit                      b- nicotine

c- smoking                  d- cigarettes

6. Studies about smoking show that –––– smokers start they are 18.

a- few                                    b- little

c- most                                  d- more

7. Smoking can shorten your life by –––– or more

a- a year                                 b- a decade

c- a century                             d- a millennium

8. Smoking looks –––– when people start it.

a- good                           b- well

c- bad                            d- badly

c- writing

3- A- Translate into Arabic:

1) Genes are parts of our cells that control what we look like and how we develop.

2) Egypt's strong relations (ties) with all the world countries reinforce its role in solving problems and prevailing peace.

B- Translate into English:

1- أصبح الكمبيوتر هاما في حياتنا الحديثة يستخدم في مختلف المجالات .

2- يجب بذل المزيد من الجهد للقضاء على الأمية .

4- Write an essay of about ONE HUNDRED and eighty (180) words on only ONE

(1) of the following topics:

a- Tourism

b- The mobile phone